A special issue of the "Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies" (2015) provides a helpful perspective on a few of these many careers, with portraits of Archaeology graduates with careers mostly outside academia. (Note: While this article is geared toward students who have completed doctoral studies in archaeology, its insights are helpful for students at any level).
Brown University's Center for Career Exploration also has many helpful resources. For example, see their "Career Pathways to the Museum World" handout – both featured speakers were Archaeology concentrators. (You must be logged into a gmail account to watch the video.)
Through BrownConnect, the CareerLAB can also help facilitate informational interviews with Brown alumni who are working in relevant fields, which is an excellent way to learn more about career options. The CareerLAB and BrownConnect are also good sources for internships that might provide experience in the summers, or winter breaks, during your time at Brown -- which not only position you well for securing a job after graduation, but also give you the opportunity to experiment with different fields and develop a better idea of what type of jobs most interest you.